Data integrity is essential for a company’s operations Essay

Describe various steps companies can use to ensure the integrity of its information. Just as the question states, data integrity is imperative to the success of a company’s operations. Data integrity is processing integrity which is one the five principles of systems reliability (Romney, & Steinbart, 2012, p. 274). For a company to be successful they must have a reliable system that is accurate, easily manipulated, timely, and valid (Romney, & Steinbart, 2012). Now that you know what data integrity is, we will discuss steps that company can take to ensure the information is accurate and valid. The first step that a company can take would be forms design, where they will sequentially prenumber all source documents to verify no documents are missing, and turnaround documents which are machine readable and do not include a possibility of human error (Romney, & Stein, 2012). The second step a company can take is utilizing data entry controls, which is performing several checks to ensure that the information is correct, one example would be a field check where the individual will determine whether the characters in a field are of the proper type (e.g. if you are expecting a zip code and you do not have numeric characters, there would obviously be an issue) (Romney, & Steinbart, 2012). The third step we will discuss is checking output controls. There processes would include users examining the system output verifying the information is reasonable and they are the intended recipients. In addition, users should periodically reconcile their reports and any other information including the general ledger to keep accurate up to date information (Romney, & Steinbart, 2012). By following these three steps/processes that I have discussed, companies will put themselves in a position to be the most successfully by accurately displaying the information. If they properly utilize these checks and balances, the possibility of any major issues is minimal and the likelihood of their business being successful substantially increases.

The Grinch Who Stole Christmas

The Grinch who stole Christmas can be explained using that Archetypal form of criticism. Archetypal criticism focuses on the use of mythology and takes on a very creative aspect to literature. In the Grinch who stole Christmas, the Grinch is the antagonist who possesses an active hatred towards Christmas and the citizens of Who-ville.There are many questionable sections in the poem that distinguish it as a myth rather than reality. To begin with, Santa Clause and the Grinch are characters of the imagination, used in a mythical sense and never brought to reality. Secondly, the author says â€Å"THENHe loaded some bags And some old empty sacks On a ramshakle sleigh And he hitched up old Max.†This means that the Grinch was intending to use his dog, max, as a reindeer. It would be physically impossible for a dog that small to hull around a sled filled with Christmas items for hours. Max was also expected to convoy the sleigh and heavy Christmas items â€Å"Three thousand feet up! Up the side of Mount Crumpit†, which is a physically impossible task for a dog. Thereafter, the Grinch was expected to climb in and out of chimneys all night, stealing Christmas presents as well as trees. This task is impossible, only one that a fictional character would be able to accomplish. Finally, the author says â€Å"That the Grinch's small heart Grew three sizes that day!† It would be impossible for a heart to grow and shrink based on the amount of love and care that is shown. As you can see, the Grinch was meant to be portrayed in a mythical sense. There are many flaws that do not occur with in reality. This poem is meant to be a myth to teach children not to be like the Grinch, and to love and accept everything.

Influenza as a Viral Infectious Disease Research Paper

Influenza as a Viral Infectious Disease - Research Paper Example Natural hosts of this virus are wild aquatic birds and it can be transmitted to the domestic poultry and infect human. Influenza B virus is less virulent, and it has only one serotype. It usually infects human and does not have other natural hosts. The human receives immunity to this virus in early ages, but still, it doesn’t give us lasting immunity as the virus mutates. Influenza C is less spread and is transmitted to human, pigs, and dogs. (CDC,2014) Aerosol transmission is the most common way of the spread of influenza virus. People can be infected when they inhale aerosols that contain viruses. The other way of transmission is direct one when mucus from an infected person gets in eyes, nose or mouth of a healthy person. Also, it can be transmitted through immediate contact with contaminated surfaces. The main symptoms of influenza are fever, temperature runs up to 38-39 C, fatigue, aching muscles, headache, dry cough, runny nose. Usually, people recover in one to two weeks after appropriate treatment. But sometimes complications such as pneumonia may occur.( Cowling BJ,2014) Influenza is a quite ole disease as it was preserved throughout human history. The first evidence of influenza pandemic was observed in Russia in 1580 and then spread to Europe. The highest amount of people was infected during the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918-1919 and it caused approximately 20 million deaths worldwide and 500.000 deaths in the United States. There were a lot of different symptoms and this disease was misdiagnosed as cholera or typhoid. Lately was observed that symptoms were provoked by bacterial pneumonia. Other influenza pandemics were not so huge. Among them was an Asian flu pandemic in 1957 that caused 70.000 deaths in the United States, Hong Kong flu in 1968 provoked 34.000 deaths in the United States, Russian flu in 1977 and 2009-2010 flu pandemic. Therefore, influenza is an infectious disease that causes by a virus. It is a quite common disease nowadays. Children and elderly are at the highest risk. Influenza transmitted through the air and immediate contact w ith contaminated surfaces. There were a lot of influenza pandemics that cause a high rate of deaths all over the world. They included Spanish flu, Asian flu, Hong Kong flu. To prevent influenza trivalent and the quadrivalent vaccine is available that provides immunity against different influenza virus subtypes. The most effective and safe treatment of influenza contains such medicines as oseltamivir, zanamivir, amantadine, and rimantadine.

Essay for Univerisity Masters Application on Myself and why i want to

For Univerisity Masters Application on Myself and why i want to apply - Essay Example In taking a Bachelor of Arts in Global Management, my eyes have been opened to the world of possibilities that are really out there. Learning from my instructors and fellow classmates has been the most enjoyable experience of my time so far because I get the opportunity to learn each day, which is something I think that only a rare few of us ever get to take advantage of. My time in education so far has instilled a strong work ethic that was not previously as strong before. The results that I have achieved pay testament to a new change of mindset, and it is something that I will look to carry on well into the future now that I have witnessed firsthand the benefits of implementing such a change. Although university has been great from an analytical point of view, it has been the opportunity to gain real world experience that has done wonders for my knowledge and confidence. I secured my first notable employment in 2011 at Siza Holdings, where I learnt the various aspects of office administration. At first I felt like I was thrown into the deep end, but in hindsight this was actually a positive step for me because it forced me to grow up very fast. I quickly learnt how to deal with mail and filing and also to respond to emails. The two years that I worked at Siza gave me a solid working base from which I have added to further. Over the summers of 2012 and 2013, I was fortunate enough to diversify my working experience with Club Interiors and interning with Royal Spades. These opportunities showed me a different side of the management field. Although I was only there for a short time, Club Interiors was invaluable for me both personally and professionally because I was working as a personal assistant to a junior designer there. While I was not actively involved in discussions with clients, I was able to observe and ask many questions of the PA who I was working alongside. The following year at Royal Spades was a great time for

Sexuality Education for people who living with a disability Assignment

Sexuality Education for people who living with a disability - Assignment Example This type of treatment makes it important for us to play our role in spreading such sexuality education that promotes respect for these individuals as well as mental and spiritual support for them. â€Å"Having an adult identity† and â€Å"autonomy† (Herbert, 2011, p.133) are two major rights that these individuals must be granted. In my practice, I would specially encourage the disabled individuals to enhance their expression of self-identity through not being embarrassed of their sexual orientation or sexual desires. The motivation to express self-identity and self-acceptance is the major thing that is required to give these individuals confidence. For example, I would advocate couples to compromise with the disability of a spouse and accept each other’s sexual orientation and sexual fantasies by overlooking the physical disability. Second, I would like to give awareness to females that they are the more precious gender of the two, and physical disability should not make them feel deprived of their sexual desires and related

Functions of modern management Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Functions of modern management - Article Example Hence, it could be noted that leaders are never born. Instead, they are made. The skills and the attitudes towards work that the present leaders of the current human society have is what make them prominent enough to be known by others through their leadership capabilities. Naturally, a leader then is expected to address to the outmost important needs of the people that he governs upon. Political as it may seem, as a leader is someone people would look up to, he has to have the capability of understanding and providing what other people need. Yes, through the picture of leadership outlined herein, it could be concluded that becoming a real leader requires effort and enough determination not only to succeed as an individual but also to succeed as a part of a growing and developing society. In the field of business, leadership is an essential part of business continuum. Once the owner, the acting leader, the appointed president of the business organization has the right attitude of a person who could govern over others, then the existence of a particular business organization could be prolonged. ... The main problem that would be addressed in this study is the "effectiveness of leadership approaches towards the different types of business organizations present within the society today". By addressing to this issue, this study is expected to come up with a refined result of study that would be guiding the present leaders towards a more productive process of organizing their business constituents. 1.2 Purpose of the Study The primary reason for the commencement of this study is to: Overcome the different issues that relate leadership with the current demands of organizations from several business leaders. Discover what part of business leadership needs improvement for the sake of organizational progress. Refine the current understanding of the essence of fine leadership towards business organizations. 1.3 Significance of the Study As mentioned earlier, leadership is one of the primary factors that determine the success of present business organizations. Through this study, the people who are directly affected and are involved within the progressive procedures that are suggested herein could actually relate to the study as it does apply to their own field of career. 1.4 Research Questions To specifically address the issues involved in the topic being discussed, the following questions shall be considered within the text that follows: 1. Who are managers and what are their major roles in business organizations' 2. How are managers supposed to face the challenge of creating policies for the people of their organization' 3. How should ethical practices of manager affect the activity of managers that is related to policy making' These questions shall be utilized by the author of this paper as a primary guideline for the structure of the

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Economics - Essay Example This is the biggest quarterly raise in the series since the period of March 2007 to May 2007. Part-time employment raised by 3,000 during the quarter to arrive at 7.93 million. During the period of December 2010 - February 2011, â€Å"there were 929.4 million hours worked, up 11.0 million over the quarter and up 15.8 million on the year. Average hours worked per week were 31.8, up 0.2 over the quarter and up 0.1 over the year† (UK Statistics, pp. 1-21). This raise in standard hours worked took place completely with permanent employees. Government has failed to bridge the gap that existed between the poorest and wealthiest within society during the 1980s. During the most recent decade, income inequality has lessened a little and has stabilised on a number of measures, but the huge inequality growth of the 1980s has not been rectified (Sen, p.101). The UK has the eighth most terrible level of income inequality of the 27 members of European Union. The number of individuals living unaccompanied or in single-parent family units raised in the UK more quickly than in all other nations; standard size of family unit in the UK decreased from 2.6 percent to 2.3 percent between 1995 and 2010. Income shortage - that is, a family unit with less than half the nation's average earning - declined from 13 percent 11 percent in the UK during the same time frame. Trends in UK Labour Market Labour market is not a homogeneous phenomenon across the UK. Various parts of the UK have labour markets that differ across a range of aspects, not least the sort of professional openings that they present in addition to the percentage of employments in different sectors and on different income levels that they support. There is a little proof that good, highly paid, high skilled jobs and low paid, low skilled employment are both becoming more intense in some particular regions, leading to a polarisation of the service opportunities facing various societies. This has two inferences for ed ucational provision. First, the extent and excellence of prospects accessible to young individuals through the job-based route in regions with a concentration of meagre professions may be satisfied, and that related issues might focus on the provision of a sufficient number and quality of job placements for individuals pursuing education-based professional offerings. Second, in some particulars regions the inducements on offer to youngsters, from many of the opportunities within the local labour market will be weak (Hills, p.194). Income inequality in the UK grew speedily during 1977 and 1990, reaching a highest point since the war. The rate at which inequality arose in the UK was quicker than in any other nation with the exemption of New Zealand. During 1999 and 2010, the poorest 20 percent to 30 percent of the population failed to gain from financial growth, contrary to the rest of the post-war phase. Reasons for Income Inequality in UK Income inequality has a lot of reasons, a fe w of which are quite apparent, others which remain unidentified and yet others which stay uncertain. On a structural level, the central reason of income inequality is variations in â€Å"hours worked per family unit per year† (Jenkins & Micklewright, p.39). Besides overall hours worked, income inequality is because of dissimilar rates of earnings per hour, as well as unearned income, and the reasons of these

Protection Individual's Freedom From the Excessive Power of Government Essay

Protection Individual's Freedom From the Excessive Power of Government - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the concept of democracy is fundamentally described as a strong mechanism, which can be directly exercised by the people through electing their preferred agents. It is indeed a strong set of principles and ideas, which tends to protect the freedom of individuals belonging to any particular society. With regards to the brief understanding of academic history, terms democracy and freedom were often interchangeably used. However, these two terms have distinctive approaches in the context of their respective practices and procedures associated with a particular society, state or a nation as well. Although democracy demonstrates a clear and wide concept concerning individual freedom and liberty, it also entails a set of distinctive processes and practices that have been shaped by a long and convoluted political history. Emphasising diverse concepts and ideas of democracy as represented in different kinds of literature, the essay critically demonstrates the extent of democracy in protecting individual freedom from the excessive power of government. According to various observations, democracy is further defined as a set of specific government institutions possessing a well-structured group of values, practices, and attitudes that may include dissimilar sorts of expressions amidst the societies and the cultures prevailing across the world. With regards to demonstrating the purposes and functions of democracy, the term democracy may entail a number of strong values along with principles and practices.

Buddhism Before 1850 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buddhism Before 1850 - Essay Example The three major sects of Buddhism are the Mahayana, Theravada, and Vajrayana. A schism at the second Buddhist Council in 443-379 BCE, led to the formation of the Mahayana sect. In addition to the Tipitaka, this sect also gives importance to the sutras as a precept for life and is relatively liberal in its beliefs. Emphasis is given to Bodhisattvas or living saints. At the third Buddhist Council of 247 BCE, a second schism resulted in the Theravada sect in which the Tipitaka is the main scripture. According to this school, total renunciation is the way to salvation. The Vajrayana school developed from 320-100 and is characterized by the use of mantras – incantations, and tantras – mystic symbols. In addition to the three main schools of Buddhism, there are two other contemporary lines of belief in China and Japan: Pure Land, or Jodo and Ch’an or Zen (Tamney, â€Å"Buddhism†). Buddhism spread during the reign of Emperor Asoka in 247 BCE. Asoka sent emissarie s to Sri Lanka Burma, Afghanistan and even Egypt and Greece. 65 CE witnessed the entry of Buddhism into China and Thailand. Vietnam was entered in the second century, followed by Korea in 372, Nepal in the fourth century, Java, Sumatra and Borneo in the fifth century, Cambodia in the fifth century and Japan in 552 CE. Buddhism spread to Tibet in 641 CE. In all the countries of its adoption, Buddhism experienced its highs and lows due to repression and persecution by some rulers, and violent encounters with Islam.

The people around him Essay Example for Free

The people around him Essay These two poems are written about very different subjects but they both explore the theme of betrayal. In the first poem ‘Havisham’, the poet Carol Anne Duffy uses Mrs. Havisham, a fictional character from the well know novel ‘Great Expectations’ by Charles Dickens, as her extended metaphor for betrayal. In the second poem ‘Kid’ by Simon Armitage, the poet presents the theme of betrayal from a slightly different perspective using ‘Batman and Robin’ as his literary conceit. Both Havisham and Kid feature literary conceits through which the poets convey the characters thoughts to the reader. In Havisham, Duffy uses her chosen metaphor as the title. This makes the theme of betrayal known to the reader from the very start of the poem. Duffy asexualises the main character in the title through the absence of the pronoun â€Å"Mrs†. This puts extra emphasis on Mrs. Havisham’s metaphoric significance. In kid, Armitage uses the extended metaphor (Batman and Robin) to sarcastically influence the speakers’ role reversal of his childhood relationship with his stepfather who left him and his mother, to be in a relationship with another woman. Both poems use strong plosives in the opening line of the poem. Havisham starts off with the phrase â€Å"Beloved sweetheart bastard†. The repetition of the letter ‘b’ gives the poem an immediate aggressive tone and evokes anger. This phrase is also an oxymoron; the poet is expressing the characters unhealthy state of mind through the polarisation of feeling. This is a result of these two feeling, love and hate, are irreconcilable, and yet both experienced by the speaker to their extremes. Simon Armitage in kid also employs plosives to emphasise the anger and violence expressed throughout the poem examples include, â€Å"Batman, big shot† and â€Å"punching the palm of your hand†. Therefore, both poems use plosives in order to gain the same effect, emphasis on aggression and anger. Clothing is another common device used by both poets to express the characters state of mind. In Havisham the speaker seems to use clothing to convey a deeper meaning to the reader. â€Å"Loves hate behind a white veil† This oxymoron presents two overwhelming contradictory emotion. This shows that although the speaker is angry there is also a more sophisticated side to her. However in kid, the description of clothing is far less sophisticated; â€Å"now I’ve doffed that off-the-shoulder / Sherwood-forest-green and scarlet number for a pair of jeans and crew-neck jumper† . The speaker in kid evaluates his adulthood through his clothing, which shows that he does not operate well in society. The clothes that belong to childhood is the â€Å"Sherwood-forest-green and scarlet number† and the â€Å"pair of jeans and crew neck jumper† belong to adulthood. The speaker shows immaturity by describing his adulthood in terms of external virtues. This would seem fairly mundane in contrast to Havisham, which refers to clothing as part of an intelligent literary device, which subsequently has an effect on the reader. Enjambment is used in both poems, with each poet using this technique to create different effects on the reader. In Havisham, Duffy uses enjambment to build up dramatic tension in the poem. The enjambment used in Havisham goes against normal structure in poetry; â€Å"who did this / to me?†, the effect that is created by the thoughts of the speaker running over from one line to the other, emphasises the great anger felt by the speaker at this point. This use of enjambment is doubly useful, in this case as the overall effect of the enjambed lines is that the idea takes the form of a rant. Armitage creates a mood of aggression in Kid, partly caused by the structure of the poem. Kid is presented in four long periodic sentences with multiple sub-clauses, enjambed over nearly every line. One of the many examples can be seen on line one over to line two were the speaker says â€Å"when you gave the order / to grow up†. The emjabments used in kid also add to the menacing tirade in the poem. In Havisham the structure of the poem resembles that of natural speech. This results in the poem being more naturalistic. At the end of the poem Duffy uses the breakdown in rhythm, â€Å"b-b-b-breaks† to emphasise the speaker’s emotions. By adding in this caesura Duffy shows the disintegration of language, which connotes the breakdown of mind and the unstable mental state of the speaker as a result of the betrayal. Similarly in Kid, Simon Armitage also uses caesura’s to emphasise some key words and themes within the poem, â€Å"I’m taller, harder, stronger, older†. As well as adding greater emphasis to the words, the use of commas between each word breaks up the rhythm of the poem and similarly to Havisham makes the poem exceed the boundaries of normal poetry. This causes the poems to take on the form of a rant. Language devices are used in both poems to enhance the build up of tension. In Havisham, Duffy uses alliteration to build up tension and as stated above, show the unhealthy state of mind of the speaker. The example of this is â€Å"b-b-b-breaks†, this shows the feelings of the speaker mounting up inside her, and she has difficulty getting them out. Her hesitancy in this case could also allude to the speaker’s shamefulness of herself and the state she is in. Duffy also uses sibilance to enhance this effect, â€Å"Spinster, I stink†, this also could allude to the same effect as previously in which the speaker is ashamed of herself. The term spinster refers to unmarried women of marriageable age, and unlike bachelor has negative connotations. This use of sibilance crates a very real effect to the poem the reader can hear, see and smell Havisham in their mind. The assonance found in the second stanza, â€Å"cawing Nooooo at the wall†, implies that Havisham has been re-living in her mind the past events in her life, something that is often not psychologically healthy. The significant literal device found in Kid is the use of repetitive assonance which in this case is all the lines ending in ‘r’: â€Å"order wander yonder rather corner †. These assonances conjures up an ‘index finger pointing belligerently at the interlocutor’. The resulting effect is that of mounting anger and violence in the speaker. In conclusion Duffy lends pathos and a tragic dimension to her character. In order to have a tragic dimension in a character, the character needs to have experienced some sort of tragic event. For Havisham this was the betrayal which causes her to be totally self-aware. As a result this event will manifest itself in to the character of the speaker. This will cause the reader to sympathise with the speaker. In Kid, Armitage presents a character who seeks to measure himself favourably at someone else’s expense. This makes it much harder for the reader to sympathize with the speaker in Kid than in Havisham. As a result of this I feel that the speaker in Havisham is far more captivating than the one in Kid. This is mainly due to the effect the tragic event of betrayal suffered by the reader, has affected her behaviour. This in conjunction with the various stylistic and linguistic features in the poem make Havisham a more powerful and effective poem.

Policies to Support Care Needs of Children

Policies to Support Care Needs of Children Introduction: Children are the future social vigor of any nation of the rondure as they will footing the leadership of the country. On perspective of the fact, they must be well qualified for captivating the nation to a better one place around the globe. But at present their safety provided by the surroundings environments is a question in mark. Children is not provided with due care by the parents, healthy, safe and secure environments in many countries especially in INDIA, CANADA, and BANGLADESH. The assignment is that children have to face risk and challenges in life but for enabling them to face the risk and challenges, we should provide them with healthy, safe and secure enironments. In this context, and there are many legislations and policies. They sates about the care needs of children, ways of meeting the care needs, working practices which contributes the healthy and safe environments, intitatives and philosophies that influence the environment as well as the ways of encouraging children to take care for themselves. They also inserted about how to safeguard children and promote their welfare. Above all, they should be supported with by different sources to maintain their security and privacy their wishes. Task 1: 1.1 Explain how to use legislation and policies to support work in establishing and maintaining healthy, safe and source environments There are many existing legislation and polices about the environmet.the useful of these laws, legislations and policies cannot be ignored any way in establishing and maintaing healthy, safe and secure environments for the children. The Children Act 1989 states about the safe, secure and healthy environment for children.it states about the safeguarding for the children as well as the promoting their welfare. As far that children from all backgrounds that are vulnerable to harm should be protected. It is also stated about children general way of life should be postponed or changed from the people who harm or threaten or impair it in anyway. For the protection of the children from such people or events, such as abduction, social workers have been employed. These act are sometimes known as child protection officers. Their primary goal is to focus on the safeguarding of children and for many years these workers have also provided additional support to families and family members that feel they are vulnerable. CAFCAS is a social agency which associated in the welfare of children along with deals with courts for finding out the solutions to families’ differences when parents separate. Their goal is reuniting pa rents with their children and also for providing the children with a better way of life. Another feature within this Act where a ‘special guardianship’ law was put enacted that allows children to stay in contact with their birth parents, this feature of the legislation allows for monitoring of relationships between parents and children, the consequence would draw up in a report and regular imposts would carry to check appropriateness of re-introducing the child back with their birth parents on a eternal basis. The shrewdness carry on both the parents who may have had a antiquity of drug or alcohol mistreatment and child who may have become bothersome because of this situation in which they were living in is essential to ensure that a suitable and caring environment can be sustained allowing the child to grow with the love and care in which every child should be accustomed to. The social worker provides the adoptive parents with the support they need to confirm the child’s welfare and education. Appropriateness of a child to viewpoint adoptive parents has a great issue as children, especially those enforced to move, incline to dissident against the authorities’ decision to re-house them. To some new foster parents some of these circumstances can be intolerable and require that the child is disconnected and re-housed elsewhere this. Uncertainty this was to be the incident then i social worker plans to action to resolve the concern, This ‘more information’ policy within the legislation attempts to put an end to events from happening and this legislations states suitable pairing of both adoptive parents and child can only best serve and help the child in the future. 1.2 describe working practices which contributes these environments In this context, we have to prompt that we partake to uphold the healthy, safe and healthy environments for the children.so working practices and strategies should be those that contributes these environments, and minimizes abuse within the health and social care contexts. Following practices and strategies safeguard the environment and helps the children to achieve the creativity and the quality from their childhood. First one, child should go to school. From the school they learn all the basic needs of them. They learn how to behave with others, how to respect, in fact all the manner which is good or bad. Second one, everyone should have a look on the increasing the indoor activities of the children. Parents as well as the other person of the family must be looked what they are doing. They learn through the elders following.so everyone especially the parents should give importance on the physical exercise. This will help the children to keep body fit, fresh and extends the power of the body. Children also learn through playing indoor games such as cricket, football badminton etc. Outdoor activities also must be focused on. They should must be teaches honesty, punctuality from his or her boyhood. Everyone should encouraged them to participate in debating among themselves and in indoor and outdoor games. They must be followed the daily routine with the exercise with the elders. Effective communica tion system should be developed across the surroundings. Care plans about the children should be taken by the family. Take the children any suitable spot where the child get himself enjoyed. Such as historical places. Entertainment sources provided with them by the parents. Protection of Vulnerable children Policy Training. Care plans – Person Centered Care Reflective practice. Children safeguarding policy procedures .each resident is weighed with a care plan for that resident. Their family have the right to be involved in developing a expressive and effective care plan. The nursing sector must work w to develop an individualized, written care plan and must update it at least quarterly and any time one condition changes. Task 2: 2.1 apply knowledge of ways to establish safe environment to the procedures which are necessary for a range of accident. Establishment of safe environment for the children in case of accident is mandatory to any nation of the whole world. Many ways, knowledge and procedures can be applied in this assignment. A safety assessment to determine if the childs instant safety is an apprehension. If it is, CPS improves a safety plan with interferences to make sure the childs protection while keeping the child within the family or with family members (kinship care or subsidized guardianship). A risk assessment to determine if there is a risk of future maltreatment and the level of that risk. A service or case plan, if continuing agency services, is needed to address any effects of child maltreatment and to reduce the risk of future maltreatment. Considers the relationship between the strengths and the risks; identifies what must change in order to: Keep children safe; Reduce the risk of (future) neglect Increase permanency; Enhance child and family well-being. For establishing and maintaining a safe, healthy and secure environment we should provide an environment that is positive, nurturing, and encourages children to develop their own safe and healthy habits. As for preventing and reducing injuries there should have a proper system for reporting all incidents and accidents. As far preventing serious health conditions like obesity and diabetes related to indoor sedentary lifestyles and connects children and families there should introduce the system of nurturing to promote their good health, enjoyment, and environmental stewardship. Should introduce more Unstructured outdoor activities improves the physical and mental health by increasing physical activity. There are the environment or the strategies for reducing stress and serving as a support mechanism for attention disorders. They will learn how to protect their health and the environment. A system of Minimization of abuse within health and social care context. Task 3: 3.1 Evaluate some of the initiatives and philosophies which influence the provision of environments for children. There are many initiatives and philosophies that influences the provision of environments for children. In this context, there are many working force where child labor is not forbidden. There the children are employed and then the education need which included in the five basic needs of a human a lack of. Then they are remain ignoreness.as we know many parents are poor, they think that children spending to education institute is a mirror waste of time.so they should help them in earning income that will help them in maintain the family expense. That the philosophy also have badly effect on the healthy, safe environment for the chidren.In many families the girls are not welcomed. There is a presence of gender disparity. As they are thought by the elders that they should not be higher education, they should be got married earlier. They should keep the best food for their husbands or elders. They should not speak out. In modern society, the food menu they are given is not wellprepared.there is a lack of balanced diet. They are no exersied.they are given the food with sugar. This causes child of obesity.in many family child are not properly care of. That why it preferences in infancy. The industrial policy have a great influence on the healthy and safe environment of the chidren.many industry are incorporated with polluting the enviroment.eventully it causes many fatal diseases to the society specially it bad to the children. 3.2 Issues that relate to effective planning of enabling physical environment As we know physical environment of the children speaks out about the contribution that safe, clean and healthy surroundings make a positive environment where children can learn the life and enjoy their lives as well as formed personality. It includes all indoor and outdoor activities around the children. The more we arrange the indoor and outdoor games for the child, the more the effective planning the physical environment for them. The environment must be one which makes the child on the smiling face. There should be always stay with the child. Not keep them alone for that they don’t feel bore any more that will affect more on their thinking.in the effective planning of the enablement of physical environment there must be existence of participation activities of the children where they will pleased and always have a pleasant and happy movement for them. Education institute –the place they not only study but also participate many outdoor games that improve the physical environment of the children.in which environment their mood will in good or where it will bad this is also the great issue that is mindful for effective planning. Their mental factor is also keep in mind where they mentally good or not. 3.3 Explain how to meet the care needs of children in ways that maintain their security and privacy their wishes’ In this part of meeting the care needs of children and maintaining their security and privacy their wishes, parents and other member of the family contribute a lot. This is dare need of the family whether their children are getting grow up in a healthy environment. They should follow up the fact that their children are developing their own safe and healthy habits. They also take after that they are eating properly or not. Parents should ensure their participation in indoor and outdoor activities. Playing different indoor and outdoor games, playing video games on mobile helps in developing their good habit, good quality, mentally healthy. Entertainment facilities should be provided them with more and more. For making them extrovert should be given emphasis that will help them to develop their their carrier in future. Besides this the practitioner contributes a lot for meeting their dare need by taking care in time of hospital shifting. They also help the family by giving the information how to keep the child safe from dirty and unhealthy environment Also. Inform the family members about the way to preventing childhood diseases that is more harmful for the health. They also provide training courses on the respect of the child. We all including (government, society) should ensure about their education. They must be provided with the education facilities. Education institute is the place which contribute a lot of importance in meeting their care need. Because there they know about their basic need. And how to meet their need. Also learn about their probable problem that will come to their later life and learns how to face them and overcome them. The government along with the educated society should come forward with their helping hand to meet the children care needs that is dare needed to take the country in a better position in future. If they are remain in darkness the nation as a whole the world remains in darkness. There are many welfare organizations and fund who is working for the children. They are giving long term free services to ensure their food need, education need as well as ensuring their healthy, safe and secure environments. Their financial support mainly given for the poor children. On after all the Children Act 1989 should be more exercised and more effective to ensure their needs. Besides various policies should be enacted across the globe in this context. Task 4: 4.1 Importance of encouraging children to care for themselves Encouraging children to care themselves is important for the following respect: for the establishment and maintaining of a safe, healthy and secure environment for providing the children an environment that is positive, nurturing, and encourages them where they can develop their own safe and healthy habits. for preventing and reducing injuries To report all incidents and accidents that occurred To prevent serious health conditions like obesity and diabetes related to indoor sedentary lifestyles and connects children and families to natures to promote their good health, enjoyment, and environmental stewardship. Unstructured outdoor activities improves the physical and mental health by increasing physical activity Reducing stress and serving as a support mechanism for attention disorders. They will learn how to protect their health and the environment. Minimization of abuse within health and social care context. 4.2 Reflect on the impact of meeting the care needs of children on practioners and identify possible sources of support Practioners play a vital role in meeting the care needs of the children. Their task is very important. First of all, they inform the parents about the health of the children. They inform how to take care, parents are informed by them about the childhood diseases, and how to prevent these diseases .at present children take born at hospitals. They are kept some days. Then they take after the child.in that fact that time the practioners keep the children safe and gives tips and advice about the environment where the child should brought up. They play the role of a guide. Preventing childhood accidents and diseases is vital in ensuring all children grow up in a safe and stimulates environment. The practioners play an important part in making that happen.one of the most important things the practioners can do is discuss childhood safety with the parents and careers that he or she work together. Speaking out on a particular issue or educating parents about risk, and that make a real differ ence to child safety and even saves lives to child. Practitioners must consider the developmental needs of the children, the caregivers, and the family as a system in their assessments and intervention strategies. Children whose physical and emotional needs have been neglected often will suffer significant developmental delays. If the caregivers are adolescents, they may have difficulty assuming parental roles and responsibilities. The family system also may be stressed when the family includes caregivers across generations There are many possible sources of support across the globe. Among them, UNICEF plays a vital role in meeting the basic care needs of the children.it runs many several welfare programs across the world for children and for maternity mothers. Many youth council also support in meeting their care needs for children. Child accident prevention trust also helps in this context. They also gives many trust many the children for ensuring good health and safe environment for the child and youth. They basically work about the child and youth. Many children welfare fund and organization also have a major contribution in meeting children dare needs and health seurity of them. Children workforce Development council Department for education National council for voluntary youth services National family and parenting institute National youth agency Princess trust Ministry of the human rights of the country Conclusion: From the study we learn about the children basic needs, meeting the care needs of them, ways of encouraging them to take care for themselves, importance of the fact and keeping child in healthy, safe and secure environment. And for providing healthy and secure environment, the role of family is most important. It is parent’s responsibility to maintain their health and provide an environment where they learn about the behavior, honesty, punctuality which is needed for make the life to a better one. Besides it is the indoor and outdoor activities which creates the personality .according to the role of the practioners, they are the vital part in meeting the children care needs and ensuring their healthy and safe environment. They inform the parents about taking care of their children. The surroundings’ or the society where they are brought up is important for enabling and forming their good and healthy habits. Education institute is important to them because the child lear ns how to respect others, about punctuality, honesty, about the fact or behavior which is good or bad to them. They know about the real life of a human beings. That is the discussion about the taking challenges and facing difficulties and risks in life for making the life in upper and better position. But in many countries or places or regions where the children are engaged in different workplace which is dangerous to their life.in many families as whole they are not getting or meeting their basic needs of their life.The Children Act 1989 states that the safeguards of the children and the promoting of the welfare of the child. Various policies and procedures are enacted to ensure the care needs of their children.

easy rider: a pursuit of American identity Essay -- essays research pa

Easy Rider: An Epic journey into the unknown For the American dream Easy Rider is the late 1960s "road film" tale of a search for freedom (or the illusion of freedom) and an identity in America, in the midst of paranoia, bigotry and violence. The story, of filmmakers' Fonda/Hopper creation, centers around the self-styled, counter-cultured, neo-frontiersmen of the painfully fashionable late 60s. As for the meaning of Easy rider, Peter Fonda (Wyatt) said in an interview with Rolling Stone magazine,  ¡Ã‚ §it is a southern term for a whore ¡Ã‚ ¦s old man, not a pimp, but a dude who lives with a chick. Because he ¡Ã‚ ¦s got the easy ride. Well, that ¡Ã‚ ¦s what ¡Ã‚ ¦s happened to America, man. Liberty ¡Ã‚ ¦s become a whore, and we ¡Ã‚ ¦re all taking an easy ride ¡Ã‚ ¨ . However, their journey is far from an easy ride; it is a unsettling, frightening and revealing experience rounded up in self-destruction. Introduction to Easy Rider (1969) Easy Rider is a counter-cultural, experimental, independent film for the alternative youth/cult market, with sex, drugs, casual violence, reflecting the collapse of the idealistic 60s. The film does not have a clear plot, and its artistic merit is also doubtful, as a film critic Peter Biskind said,  ¡Ã‚ §It had little background or historical development of characters, a lack of typical heroes, uneven pacing, jump cuts and flash-forward transitions between scenes, an improvisational style and mood of acting and dialogue, background rock 'n' roll music to complement the narrative, and the equation of motorbikes with freedom on the road rather than with delinquent behaviors. ¡Ã‚ ¨ However, it presents an image of the popular and historical culture of the time and a story of a contemporary but destructive journey by two self-righteous, drug-fueled, anti-hero bikers eastward through the American Southwest. Their trip to Mardi Gras in New Orleans takes them through limitless, untouched landscapes including Monument Valley, various towns, a hippie commune, and a graveyard. However, they inevitably encountered local residents who are narrow-minded and hateful of their long-haired freedom and use of drugs. Extremely successful and low-budget, this film has won the 1969 Cannes Film Festival ¡Ã‚ ¦s award for the Best Film by a new director. The film also received two Academy Award nominations: Best Original Screenplay, and Best Supporting Actor for Jack Nicholson in ... ...ay ¡Ã‚ ¨, but instead of peace and enlightenment, they experienced confusion and disillusion. At the end of the movie, the two protagonists experience hallucinatory emotions, where we can see intense colors, kaleidoscopic swirls, and distorted shapes and forms. They search for enlightenment, while inveighing agsint civilization ¡Ã‚ ¦s hypocrisy and brutality. Their rootless, drifting pursuit of the American dream and the promise of sex, drugs, and rock 'n' roll has been questionably successful, dissatisfying, transitory and elusive. Wyatt believes there may have been another less destructive, less diversionary, more spiritually fulfilling way to search for their freedom rather than selling hard drugs, taking to the road and being sidetracked, and wasting their lives. ƒÞ For all its counter cultural reflections, the movie does not portray the youthful movement uncritically, rather it provides an ambiguous ending, implying that excesses, even counter cultural ones, can be harmful and destructive. David Hopper also defines this film as anti-counter cultural. The romance and dream of the American highway is turned menacing and deadly ¡XThey looked for America but couldn ¡Ã‚ ¦t find it anywhere.

Money Laundering :: essays research papers fc

Financial Accounting For Financial Services Assignment Money Laundering The word money laundering, according to the myth, is derived from Al Capone's practice of using a string of coin-operated launderettes in Chicago to disguise his revenues from gambling, prostitution and protection rackets. It's a nice story but not true, money laundering is so called because it perfectly describes the process of removing the stains and smells which money acquires when criminals earn it. In this report I will go on to discuss the topic of money laundering in the following order; firstly, I will begin by explaining what is money laundering?, why it is done?, and how it is done? I will then go on to explain the effects of money laundering and the institutions/organisations that are at risk from these activities. I will also be discussing the current situation in the UK regarding money laundering and whether anything can be done to prevent or restrict laundering activities, and will then go on to conclude my findings. Money laundering is the process by which criminals attempt to conceal the true origin and ownership of the proceeds of their criminal activities. If they are successful they can then maintain control over the proceeds and, so, provide a legitimate cover for their source of income. J.D. Mclean defined money laundering in the International Judicial Assistance as: "Although the proceeds of crime will be kept as capital for further criminal ventures, the sophisticated offender will wish to use the rest for other purposes. If this is to done without running a risk of detection, the money which represents the proceeds of the original crime must be "laundered"; put into a state in which it appears to have an entirely respectable provenance" It is important to bear in mind that money laundering is a process (often a highly complex one) rather than a single act. In an effort to expose and analyse this phenomenon it has become common to use a three-stage model which encompasses an ideal money laundering scheme. The three stages are as follows: * Placement Stage This is where cash derived directly from criminal activity (e.g. from sales of drugs) is first placed either in a financial institution or used to purchase an asset. * Layering Stage The stage at which there is the first attempt at concealment or disguise of the source of the ownership of funds. * Integration Stage The stage at which the money is integrated into the legitimate economic and financial system and is camouflaged with all other assets in the system.

Thrre Things Wrong with the World :: social issues

Thrre Things Wrong with the World The first thing I would have to say that is wrong with the world is definitely the drug problem. I mean, it seems that most of the war, famine, & disease that are running rampant through our lives are initially from drugs. For instance, you get a hit of crank from a friend who used the needle on herself & then WHAM, you've got AIDS & never even knew it could happen. Another example would be the wars. In Cuba, there are drug wars going on now that inadvertently have caused many people to die, be left homeless, or even without food or water. So, that would definitely be my first & foremost idea on what's wrong with the world today. The next thing on my list would have to be AIDS itself. Mostly, this is a big problem because there is no cure & many people get this disease every day. Granted, it isn’t always contracted by a needle, but other ways, such as intercourse without protection, are effective in contracting this disease as well. The only real way to prevent this disease would have to be never to share a needle (if you’re doing something stupid enough as doing drugs in the first place), & never have sex. That would have to be the only 100% way not to get this disease, besides knowing your partner is not HIV positive. That is why this disease is affecting so many people. It’s because they don’t realize that they can get it just by doing one of the above mentioned activities, as well as some others I can’t think of. That, & many other reasons, is why AIDS is my number two in my list of three things. My final thing I believe that is wrong with the world would have to be our government. Yes, I said it, OUR GOVERNMENT. It is not as if I am Anti-American, I love my country, but there has to be some sort of line between helping other nations & trying to control other nations. I believe we have not only crossed that line, but have gone so far as to cross several more after it. Take the war on Iraq, for example. Initially, I was all for getting rid of Saddam Hussein & helping the Iraqi people become free & independent. But, now as I think about it more & more, I wonder why we're are still over there fighting & killing those people if they say that we have ridded ourselves of that nuisance already?

Epistemology and Metaphysics Schools Paper Essay

The nature of skepticism in real-life today, on a daily basis goes mostly unnoticed. People react to environments of skepticism differently and could become biased upon the subject discussed. According to Encyclopedia Britannica (2011), â€Å"skepticism is defined as 1: an attitude of doubt or a disposition to incredulity either in general or toward a particular object 2 a: the doctrine that true knowledge or knowledge in a particular area is uncertain b: the method of suspended judgment, systematic doubt, or criticism characteristic of skeptics† (Dictionary, para.1). People are inclined to accept ideas in society today without questioning what is actually being presented. It is very important to question or think critically when confronted with authority because the issue at hand may not always be right. Imagine if Philosophers, such as Copernicus did not hypothesize that the earth is not the center of the universe. We would still be living with various points of views on the subject. People should not accept ideas of others without questioning the ideas first. Unfortunately, we do this everyday unconsciously. At work our supervisors make requests to perform certain tasks, which most of the time we do not question the outcome. We take for granted that our supervisor knows what he or she is doing because of the authoritative figure that he or she plays. Skepticism could have quite an impact on the way employees perform his or her job. In the work environment employees usually take for granted that the boss knows best, and depending on the situation might not question the reason for his or her position on the process. For instance, when a supervisor implements a new job and informs his or her employees on the due date without asking for input, it is with reasonable doubt that one would be skeptical. The employees could have questioned the boss’s process such as whether he or she maintained good judgment on the direction that he or she takes on-the-job. Questions could also be raised in regard to the types of consequences employees will have if the job is not performed well. Employees could be skeptical of the job and ask if it is in the best interest of the company, especially if the supervisor did not have input from the employees prior to the start of the job. Employees typically become skeptical and doubt the authority figures of most bosses. Skepticism also plays a role in our schooling. We usually take the teachers role and the information presented to us to be correct even though the information could be incorrect. Our society has come to trust what others have told us to believe in and our minds have been trained to believe the information to be correct. Everyone should be valued for his or her own opinion and healthy skepticism in real-life environments. References Encyclopedia Britannica. (2011). Encyclopedia-Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www. britannica. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/bps/dictionary? query=skepticism&header_go=.

“Beyond thee Influence” by K. Ketcham

The book â€Å"Beyond thee Influence: Understanding and Defeating Alcoholism† by Katherine Ketcham is devoted to the problem of alcoholism and the author ties to fill in the gaps in knowledge. The author discusses current theory of alcoholism, defines its causes and consequences and says that alcoholism is disease, not weakness of willpower. The book is divided into three sections: â€Å"The Problem†, â€Å"The Solution†, â€Å"The Future†. Evidently, the firsts section discusses the origins of alcoholism, defines the terms and describes what is going on in the body.The section provides details overview of three mechanisms involved in the metabolism of alcohol. The author involves also brain damage and dependence on alcohol, as well as three stages of alcoholism – early, middle and late. The second section is devoted to finding solutions to fight alcoholic dependency. Ketcham talks about diagnosing an alcoholic, intervention and treatment options. S pecial attention is paid to the Sundown M being a famous treatment of alcoholism that helped more than 30,000 alcoholics.Furthermore, the role of family involvement is underlined. Finally, the third section how it is possible to reduce the impact of alcohol and what changes to implement to decrease the rates. The author discusses alcohol industry, advertising, etc. According to author, alcohol’s effect can be changed through penalties for drunk driving, higher liquor taxes and more informative education programs for children, teenagers and adults. Moreover, the section involves personal stories about devastating effect of alcohol consumption on future life.It is necessary to mention that the book is well-written and well-organized. Despite the fact that discussion of metabolism and cellular interactions are rather difficult for understanding, the whole book id well suited for most teenagers and adults. The style of writing is very elementary and every person with high school education is able to comprehend it. Actually, the book is of great importance for people with drinking problems. References Ketcham, Katherine. (2000). Beyond thee Influence: Understanding and Defeating Alcoholism. New York: Bantam Books.

Lets Be Lefties For The Day Essay

Today I participated in an assignment designed to help the student to â€Å"accept that discrimination exists â€Å" (DeVry College, 2014, week one lecture, p.3). In our society the majority of people are right handed therefore everything is constructed to accommodate that, versus the small minority of people whom happen to be left-handed. Spending the day as a left-handed person was a challenge and lead to a lot of frustration and unaccomplished tasks. I was forced to think about different ways to do things, and also acknowledge how other people may perceive my capabilities and me. Loosing the use of my right hand was debilitating to me. I could not write down anything that was legible, my hand writing resembled that of a child. Trying to eat my lunch was interesting, it comes natural to cut your food with the knife in your right hand, but it’s quite awkward when you use your left hand. Just has an experiment, the whole experience been quite comical to watch myself struggle with the simplest of things. However I did reflect on how other people would see me and how it would affect my performance at work. How would my boss react if she saw me struggling with different tasks? How would she handle it? How would I want it handled? Would I be discriminated against because I was in a minority group? â€Å"Discrimination is the result of longstanding practices and/or behaviors that have a negative impact on members of subordinate groups† (DeVry College, 2014, week one lecture, p.2). We all know that people can adapt and learn different ways. it is crucial to be aware of diversity in a work place. Diversity is in every aspect of our life’s the workplace. America is made up of hundreds of different ethnicities and definitions of self. It is important that managers and professionals relate and understand the cultures, ethnic and gender differences. But Affirmative Action and the Department of Labor have made it more difficult for employers and companies to discriminate against a  person on the grounds of cultural, ethnic and gender differences. The American workplace has no choice but to adapt and embrace diversity. The U.S Department of the Interior mandates that all managers and supervisors have a minimum of 8 hours annually of equal employment opportunity and diversity training. Diversity is a non-stop processes, no two people are exactly the same and each person brings with them different experiences and new ideas (Kirkman &Shapito, 2001). By providing education and training to the managers it helps foster more cultural sensitivity and the avoidance of stereotypes. As a supervisor or manager it is important to encourage people to be themselves, because everyone works better when they feel appreciated and accepted. Productivity is important to every company and performance will improve if people feel supported in their workplace. (Kirkman & Shapito, 2001). References Chamberlain College of Nursing. (2014). SOCS350 Cultural diversity in the professions: Week 1 lecture. Online Publication.f Nursing (2014) Individual discrimination vs Institutional discrimination Lecture Week 1. http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/national-origin.html Kirkman, B., & Shapiro, D. (n.d.). The Impact of Cultural Values on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Self-Managing Work Teams: The Mediating Role of Employee Resistance. Academy of Managment Journal, 3(44), 557-569.

Major Influences in My Life Essay

It is often reiterated that â€Å"success is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration. † I also strongly believe in it as I recall the successful events in my life, whose gradual path towards achievement was shaped by initiation developed by motivation; however, the successful implementation was attained through my sheer hard work and perseverance. I have always considered my work as my hobby, and I try my best to finish the work within the stipulated time. I don’t expect miracles to happen, but I have experienced that miracles happen when work is done with sincerity and diligence. Besides, there have been men and women from all walks of life, who provided the emotional support to me in my distress. Among the most trustworthy persons whom I always relied upon was my mother. I can evidently remember the difficult times during my education at school when my mother instilled the much need confidence in me, and encouraged me to never give up. It is true that education begins at home, and I was fortunate to have scholarly parents, who always tried to provide the necessary paraphernalia to me, including their assistance in understanding the difficult subjects. Read more:  Person I admire  essay I learnt good morals from my religious mother, who inculcated virtues like honesty, loyalty, care for the elderly, and affection towards the children. My firm faith in God is also due to the holy teachings of scriptures conveyed to me by my pious mother. She always taught me to love all humanity, and to follow the path of non-violence. I see myself as a mature, independent and judicious person, for which I would give the credit to my loving mother. During my school education, my teachers treated me like their friend, and emphasized the importance of punctuality and regularity in both professional as well as personal life. I owe my gratitude to my mathematics teacher, who once, said to me, â€Å"It is important to have a goal, but it is more important to work towards reaching that goal. † My teachers also highlighted the importance of patience and tolerance that are needed in implementing any plan. Slowly and steadily, I kept on developing these personality traits in me, and I confess that I am grateful to my teachers for imparting such motivational and positive education to me. I would also like to acknowledge the contribution of my supervisor at the McDonald’s restaurant, who helped me to identify my strengths and weaknesses. Whenever I committed a mistake, my supervisor would politely tell me about my wrong deeds, and moreover, suggest an optimum solution. It was under his supervision that I learnt good workplace skills like time management, organizational management, decision making and problem solving. Although my supervisor was kind, good listener, encouraging and forgiving, I noticed that he was never angry, and kept his cool in most difficult times. I admire him for his positive qualities, and I must admit that I have learnt some of these good traits from him; as a result, I have been able to balance my personal and professional life due to proper management of time and stress. I have realized that learning is a continuous process that continues the whole life, but to apply the virtues in practical life, there are role models who provide the necessary encouragement. I owe my gratitude to my parents, especially my mother, my teachers at school, and to my supervisor, who enabled me to imbibe the morals, and practice them in daily life. As a result of their positive influence, I have become a responsible citizen of the society. I have firm faith in myself, and also, I confide in my friends and relatives. My teaching lessons from home and school have equipped me with problem solving and decision making skills. Besides, my mentors have helped me to acquire good interpersonal skills, which have made me adorable among friends and colleagues. Now, I continue to learn from my distinguished professors in the university as I pursue a rigorous undergraduate degree program.

Global Popularity of Brand Playboy Research Paper

Global Popularity of Brand Playboy - Research Paper Example The beginning of Playboy was seen in 1953 by owner Hugh Heffner, at that time known as ‘Stag.† The approach was to offer a magazine for men that included nude female models, journal articles and fiction. The first issue was focused on pictures of the celebrity, Marilyn Monroe and sold an average of 53,991 copies within a few weeks. From here, Hefner began to work with Eldon Sellers in Chicago for enhancing the trend of the magazine. To enhance this, the models were combined with the different components which added to the brand of Playboy, including the Playboy bunny, which was known for being placed in the magazine in a discreet area for men to find. The height of the magazine circulated into the 1970s as the main magazine with the specific content. After this time, pornographic videos, â€Å"Penthouse† and other magazines focused on specific audiences began to compete with the magazine. However, it continues to sell an average of 2.6 million magazines per month.T he intimacy of the magazine led to the development of merchandise, specifically because the magazine wasn’t able to produce the images outside of the magazine. The development of the playboy bunny was able to add into this image in the 1970s to lead to the popularity of the magazine. The merchandise includes t-shirts, caps, household items, cards, cosmetics, jewelry, mobile phone accessories, mugs and posters. However, the merchandise continued to be sold because it worked as a way of advertising the magazine and the overall ideology of the brand. Most of the merchandise grew in the 1980s and 1990s and was introduced globally, specifically to make a defined understanding of the brand name in relation to the magazines which were sold2. Current Condition of Playboy The merchandise which grew into an international brand not only went through a rising popularity. The Playboy brand was known for a continuous rise and fall in the amount of merchandise available to those interested in the brand. After the 1970s, the brand declined because of the other competitors which began to offer the same type of magazine and which combined other options for sales with the Playboy brand. This pushed Playboy into building the brand identity through the merchandise and allowed them to move back into popular rankings at a global level. Today, the concept of adult entertainment has been reinvented through the concept of Playboy, specifically because of the decline which occurred in the 1970s. The Playboy brand has built a stronger reputation with the use of technology and the Internet. At the same time, the merchandise which is available is growing in popularity. It is noted that this is linked specifically to the economic turns. When the economy was booming in the 1980s and 1990s, the magazine was popular and the merchandise worked as a brand identity. However, the downturn in the economy has led more to finding the merchandise and alternative Internet sources for the Playboy magazine. This exchange was combined with the understanding of the Playboy identity as well as what the cultural values and norms are in terms of the entertainment3. The current trends as well as the changes in the economy have

With reference to current research and your own experience, consider Essay

With reference to current research and your own experience, consider importance of children's essesntial needs to a school's behaviour management policy - Essay Example Good practice within schooling comprises of a great deal with doing elementary basics for the students so that their basis is made stronger and that they do not have issues which are of the most basic nature. Their nurture must be done in a way that their personalities mold in a positive manner and that optimism should reign supreme. It is usually the responsibility of the parents and teachers to make sure that the good practice is embedded within the personalities of the students, and that there are absolutely no glitches in the make-up of their work domains when they grow up within the future (Noell 2002). Hence good practice is deemed as very pivotal towards schooling of students, the grooming and other realms. More than anything else, good practice comes about with an effort to turn desires into realities, on the part of the school authorities through school behavior management policies. As far as the identification of threats towards normal development of students is concerned, there are aplenty. These suggest that normal development can be marred if there is disconnect between the school’s behavior management domains and the students for a long amount of time. Perhaps the curriculum taught to them is not in line with the requirements that the students have at that particular stage within their lives. There are a number of other threats as well, all of which can bring about trouble for the students and their future aspirations (Shuttleworth 2003). These include the basis of interruption that the students might have within their lives as well as the modern sources of entertainment which take away the attention of the students every now and then. The threats come in large numbers as fun and frolic seems to be a much happening thing as compared to the curriculum and books that these students read. Now it is the responsibility of the schools to make sure that

Civil Partnership, Marriage & Cohabitation Essay

Civil Partnership, Marriage & Cohabitation - Essay Example Standard property law is used for these couples.2 Cohabitation law may extend to opposite sex couples, same-sex couples, and platonic pairs.3 Therefore, just like with standard property law, if a cohabiting couple breaks up, and it is shown that one of the partners has not financially contributed to the home, even if that partner has contributed child care or labor, then than that partner is still not afforded an interest in the property. This is different in marriage – in marriage, the property is divided equitably between the spouses, regardless of the amount of financial contribution from the parties, or the lack thereof.4 This essay will examine the issues surrounding people who cohabit, as well as the specific cases regarding cohabitation, and will attempt to make recommendations that would help couples be better protected under the UK law. Cohabitation Law verses Marriage Law Property division is an issue when considering cohabitation law and marriage law. Cohabiting cou ples do not have the same property rights as married couples.5 Basically, if there is a cohabiting couple, and they break up, their property would be divided according to ordinary property law, which basically means that the property follows the title – if, for instance, there is a house with only one person's name on the deed, then that person alone is entitled to the property. If both person's name is on the deed, then the property would be divided between them evenly.6 With marital law, it is different – if a marital couple divorces, the property is divided between them equitably, regardless of whose name is on the deed.7 The Marital Causes Act 1973 gives a court the right to order the transfer of property from one party to the other upon the filing of a dissolution of marriage, or the court may also order the sale of property as well.8 This principle is shown in several cases that have been decided in UK Courts. One is Burns v. Burns, which states that if there is a non-working partner in a cohabiting relationship, and that non-working partner does not contribute financially towards the purchase of the house, or the mortgage payments, than that spouse is not entitled to a division of that property.9 The plaintiff in Burns lived with the defendant, without the benefit of marriage. Valerie, the plaintiff in Burns, took care of the children and stayed home, forgoing a career and money of her own. That said, when the relationship progressed Valerie went to work, and paid domestic bills from her salary, along with buying furniture and equipment for the house, while also spending money on children's clothes. She also decorated the interior of the house.10 Despite all that the plaintiff contributed to the household, the plaintiff did not get property rights in the house after the couple broke up. This was because Valerie's contribution to the household did not directly contribute to the finances of the home- she neither made house payments, nor did she contribute to the down-payment of the home.11 This principle was echoed in Lloyds Bank plc v. Rosset, which is a case involving a married couple. 12 In the Lloyds case, the court held that only financial contributions to the home, not conduct alone, would be relevant in awarding property rights, therefore the partner who did not contribute financially was not entitled to any portion of the house. Abbott v. Abbott,13

Pandemic Flu Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pandemic Flu Planning - Assignment Example In ensuring effective control, I will recommend the following steps whereby most of them are community-based strategies. The first step will encompass devising effective preparedness, response and containment policies intended to avoid further spreading of the pandemic in the region (Tae-Chang, Yasuhiro, Shingo, & Jung, 2009). Secondly, I will Isolate and administer antiviral medications to the people confirmed medically to have contracted the influenza disease. Isolation in this case may be in both hospitals and homes though the latter will be extremely complicated due to the pandemic’s nature of spreading (CDCP, 2007). Isolation will also encompass quarantine especially in homes or other social places whereby it hard to dismiss their members like congregational centers that normally house nuns, priests or other religious members. The other effective measure will encompass closure of schools together with advising their respective administration to take the ailing students to the hospital (Cannaday & Cox, 2008). In addition, there will be a will be a need to sensitize the entire public to avoid human contact as well as embrace good health, for instance, washing of hands with alcohol-based rub gel together with intake of fluids (Flu.gov, n.d). Some of the involved legal authorities in this mitigation process include, Commonwealth of Virginia Emergency Operations Plan (COVEOP), National Response Framework (NRF), National Incident Management System (NIMS), Virginia Department of Education and governor’s office. The latte’s core role is to declare the state of emergency based on the pandemic’s rate of spreading as well as compelling reluctant institutions to adhere to the mitigation policies. The success of this plan will depend on public’s level of compliance in adopting the stipulated measures. Entities involved in this category include employers and

Glo bus simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Glo bus simulation - Essay Example technologies ever cognizant that the imaging industry evolves so quickly that emerging technology could easily render a prevailing technology obsolete and irrelevant. A5 Digital Camera Co. also caters to market where it can strategically position its product favorably that would highlight its advantages as a company allowing it to profit and grow while developing new technologies as a foresight to the ever changing future. The markets that A5 Digital Camera identified where it can leverage its position are both the end-user hobbyist and the professional photographer. These markets prove to be favorable to A5 Digital Camera due to its sheer size and relatively new market considering that digital camera industry is still relatively in its nascent stage. The room to explore new market among end users is still considerable allowing further growth for the company. In addition, it can still develop new markets of which A5 Digital Camera could be a pioneer by introducing new technologies that is considered cutting edge in the digital imaging industry. To ensure that the market will remain relevant in the market, A5 Digital Camera will develop its core competencies and product lines to make each and every process in the company create value for the customer. A5 Digital Camera will also continue to seek new markets and identify areas in the market that has not been fully covered or served by the competitors. Better yet, identify markets that have not been discovered by the competitors. These markets will provide invaluable opportunities for A5 Digital Camera to dominate these markets and acquire market share with the least competition. In addition to seeking emerging and unexplored markets, A5 Digital Camera will also identify markets that have few competitions and ventured by small players where A5 Digital Camera can exploit its size and advantages to challenge the existing players. This will allow A5 Digital Camera to acquire new markets and/or widen its market

Boo at the Zoo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Boo at the Zoo - Assignment Example Citizens now anticipate for its events more than ever with several preparations that occur when the festivals are approaching. Among many, Halloween spirit has now become more than a fashion and fun extravaganza but also a lucrative business opportunity that many investors are rushing into (Kullstroem, 2009). Thesis sentence: In the wake of globalization of the Halloween festivals, these celebrations are now generating lump sum income to investors because they offer attractive business opportunities like selling costumes and decorations. The size of Halloween market is widely increasing due to the festival’s globalization process mostly in European and African states (Kullstroem, 2009). For instance, according to the 2009 US statistics businesses that specialize in making Halloween costumes, they recorded a profit of $5.8 billion (Hyatt, 2012). In Canada, the same Halloween entertainment business industry had net profit of $331million spent on candy only (Hyatt, 2012). The lat ter is because during events like boo at zoo at Santa Ana which encompass free give ways of candy to kids who often visit the site to have fun. This indicates how popular the event has been as well as consumers willing to spend money on festivals, which makes the entire business highly lucrative. For the last 23 years, the spectacular event encompassing Boo at zoo is one of US’ longest running Halloween events providing thrilling fun time for general family irrespective of one’s age or class (Hyatt, 2012). Through Boo and zoo event, US citizens get the opportunity to participate in Halloween event fully because it can accommodate people of all ages and class. Many people love the Halloween spirit mainly in US and Boo At Zoo at Santa Ana provide the best platform for them to engage in the event. In this event, guests have an opportunity to explore several prize stations on the Trick-Or-Treat trail as well as Halloween themed game activities that consist of storytelling and sing-along (Hyatt, 2012). These activities include, a train ride, a story telling moment as well as a costume parade time. The Santa Ana Zoo located at prentice park, which is right in the middle of an urban setting, is a major oasis at Orange County in US (Borsting, 2010). Founded by Joseph Prentice in 1952, he requested that at least 50 monkey pack maintained in the park at all times (Borsting, 2010). In order for boo at the zoo occasion have the much needed Halloween spirit, the site has to embrace varied decorations in accordance to the population group that usually visits the site. Boo at the zoo has been instrumental in evolving the Halloween event from a frightening adult festival to a fun time event that is now giving families an opportunity to have fun. For instance, during the event, there is always an express train ride for not only children but also adults. The latter is a machine that costs a lot and rarely seen in other diverse avenues. Besides, there are different locations for animals of diverse species in the park, which are vital in letting kids learn about animals. For example, the zoo nocturnal animal activity that is important for children to learn about diverse animals. In addition, during the evening participants engage in a night costume activity where the best-costumed person receives a prize (Hassiotis, 2008). All these aspects entail expensive decorations done by certain companies in the Halloween

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY-CASE STUDIES IN POLICY PowerPoint Presentation - 1

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY-CASE STUDIES IN POLICY DECISION - PowerPoint Presentation Example However, an analysis of the economic and implications to the industry indicate that the project was a worthy venture. In addition, international pressure, technological and issues pertaining to foreign policy indicated that the project was worthwhile. In looking at the procedures followed in estimating the cost of producing the TSR-2 planes there is the realization that budgeting was a major problem. The budgeting process might have been a bad note to begin a project of this caliber, but one still needs to understand that the project was fairly new and the details were still hazy. The BAC Company gave the government a fairly good deal of  £ 625 million but the government’s final offer stood at  £ 620 million. The general realization is that there were many problems that had already been associated with the project other than the cost that influenced its final cancellation. The over-politicization and concentration on the problems overshadowed the long term economic benefits of the project. For instance, the fact that the Australians opted for the America F111 did not imply that they were not ready to buy the TSR-2. TSR-2 was superior technologically and maybe the Australians wanted a better deal with better terms. For instance, the Australians could have been allowed to test the TSR-2 using their own pilots in British Soil. The TSR-2 project also happened at a time when the government had placed strict regulations governing military expenditure. In addition, the bureaucracy created by the Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Supplies presented numerous challenges for the project at different stages; these factors only magnified the already evident skeptism surrounding the project. The government was looking at the amount of revenue that would be immediately saved and perhaps channeled in other areas instead of concentrating on the long term benefits of the project. However, the number of jobs

Dream world Essay Example for Free

Dream world Essay A long time ago I had read a story, a story of a man and his goal to create a new world with peace. The perfection that those inked lines held were amazing, one is still in my head rings like a note of the piano-â€Å"I will create, a new world with you in it.† Reading his life story, I understood what he meant, that innocent line can bring tears into my eyes. There is a deep meaning to it. My body was shivering, I was scared. What happened? I opened my eyes slowly, with a shocked expression plastered on my round face, ocean blue eyes wide and teary, thick black eyelashes and added black eyeliner making them stand out. I had to lift up my hard, hair sprayed black fringe up since I was struggling to see. I stood there mesmerised by the sight in front of me. It was peaceful, calm; it was nature before human kind, soft light, green grass almost touching my bare ankles, it was slightly wet and cold but comforting, thin streaks tickling my bare feet as I moved around slowly. Small Daisies blooming standing out of the greenery with they’re fragile white bodies. My breath was taken away instantly when I landed my eyes on a beautiful lake; its clear water being disturbed by a tiny wind and my touch, its warm soft substance wetting my palm lightly, the sparks that hovered above the lake illuminating it; in the centre of a lake a reflection of the moon but not just any moon†¦ the red moon. A round the edges the lake reflected like a mirror- cherry blossom trees at the full bloom and the perfect sweet sense that surrounded the atmosphere its silky pink leafs scattering around the place like a soft pink blanket, the trees’ hard textured bark covering soft wood that is inside. The Cherry trees surrounding the lake like hiding it in protective manner which made me wonder in an awe. Just a few steps away from the stunning lake there was a hill, hard grey rocks surrounding it, the once soft light green grass fading away as you go further up, every step I took the grass becoming rougher and darker until no more was left†¦ only hard stoned ending. Standing on the end I could see everything that I had not seen yet so far, I felt so free, so careless, it was supernatural in a way, as far as my sight could pick up from the magical lake and the porcelain cherry blossom trees to dark never ending woods. It was night, above me stars that sparkled like little children’s eyes for first time in the candy shop. The world was asleep; it was finally at peace†¦ His world now seems just a dream but at that time, that time of shinobi it was different, it was achievable. He lived his life trying, making it possible but unfortunately his time had come, to leave everything behind in those words. Right now I hope he is in that world resting in peace. Sometimes when I think about it hard enough, I could smell the cherry blossom trees, I could feel the warm wind brushing my skin. If I believe hard enough! I could find myself starring into the dark horizon, the red moon hovering above me and the pastel pink leafs in-between my fingers just going over the soft texture. If I know it, I will be free at last.

Bend It Like Beckham Essay Example for Free

Bend It Like Beckham Essay In the movie â€Å"Bend It Like Beckham† Jess has to face the problems of what she wants and her family wants for her, but in the end she chose what makes her happy even if her family doesn’t approve. The first abysmal conflict was that Jess gets in a horrible fight with her best friend Jules over their soccer coach Joe. This causes the team to go separate ways and this makes Jess feel really bad about herself, so then she goes to Jules’s house and tries to make everything better. In Jules’s room, Jules and Jess began to talk. Jules was furious with Jess because she knew that Jules liked Joe. This also causes to Jules’s mom to think that they’re lesbians and thinks that, that’s why she was so depress. The second antipathy her sister Pinky tells her parents that Jess is playing behind their back, but on the same day that Pinky’s future husband’s parents come and tell pinky that she can’t marry him because they saw Jess making love to a blonde. So what Jess’s parents make Jess stop playing soccer and later on Pinky is getting married, Jess gets so caught up she can’t go to soccer practices. In fact, the day before Pinky’s and the soccer tournament Joe and Jules told her that there’s going to American recruiting. So before taking the pictures it’s a big Indian tradition thing, Jess’s father Mr. Bhamra lets her go to the tournament which Jess wins and gets a scholarship to Santa Clara University in California. If I were jess I would exactly what she would do because I probably wouldn’t be happy for the rest of my life and a person who Jess didn’t know wouldn’t make her happy. She was doing the right thing but in the end, she had to do what was best for her.

Conflict Management And Dispute Resolution

Conflict Management And Dispute Resolution Conflict can be defined as a struggle which is emanates from different ideas, values and beliefs. Most of the time, misunderstanding and miscommunication among people cause conflict. Furthermore, conflict lies not in objective reality, but in peoples minds (Fisher, 1981). Disputes, on the other hand, are such issues that are less deep than conflict but still very important. As human beings evolve and their technology grows through time, their awareness expands and they take more responsibility for making their own decisions. This is especially true of personal decisions. Humans want to be the ones that drive decisions in their lives; they do not want anyone else to decide on their behalf. Thus, conflicts arise. Often, conflicts occur because people differ in their ways of thinking. Because of this, conflicts can make people look at problems and issues not only from their perspectives but from others as well. Consequently, conflicts are not always negative; they can also bring about new ideas. These new ideas can help people to change, which is useful because everything in nature is changing in every moment. Conflict shows itself in every part of our lives. One of them can be the commercial activities that play an important role in todays world. For example, conflict can arise in commercial contracts. When this happens, the possibility of dispute arising is much higher. In this essay, we will discuss the conflict and dispute in commercial contracts and explain that whether or not they are inevitable. In addition, we will compare and contrast the different methods for resolutions of dispute in commercial contracts. Finally, we will present an example of dispute and explain how to solve it. Section A Are conflicts and disputes inevitable on commercial projects? Conflict and dispute definitions Before we can determine whether or not conflict and disputes must be avoided, we must first define both terms and determine the differences between the two. Conflict and dispute are two common terms. Although sometimes they are interpreted as equal types, there are some differences that will be mentioned. Conflict First, we will discuss the definition of conflict. There exist many definitions of conflict (Foss, 1979; Gelles, 1978; Straus, 1978) cited by Straus (1979). Mary Parker (1925) states that we can summarize conflict in one word: difference. A more comprehensive definition by Strauss (1979) suggests three distinctions: conflict of interest, conflict, and hostility. Conflict of interest A conflict of interest means that each member of the group prefers to seek their own interest, which is often different from other people. In other words, they want to live out their own lives from others. According to Straus (1979), the relationship between the amount of conflict (conflict of interest) and the well being of the group is curve linear. It means that existence of conflict can have a positive impact on the well being of group. However, if it exceeds more than the optimum point, it would be detrimental. Conflict Coser (1956) uses conflict to refer to the means or behavior used to pursue ones interest rather than conflict of interest, itself Straus (1979). According to Straus (1979), conflict means tactics which are used by a person in the response to the conflict of interests. Hostility Hostility occurs when feeling of dislike takes a place of sympathy among the members of the group. Often this fact is also named as conflict but in paradox of this idea, there exists some conflict theories that believe that hostility will not appear if conflict exists. This is because it can protect people from getting hostile in a way that can express their point of views and interests and do not let anyone to force them. Consequently, the author considers hostility as a negative fact in groups. Conflict exists in every part of our lives such as commercial activities. Contrary to popular belief, commercial conflict is important to a countrys economy. Dorussen (2006) concluded that trade in some commodities will have a strong impact on conflict in comparing with other goods. The reason for this fact is that some commodities have much more significant important on the security of states than others. Recently oil industries as well as high tech ones, have the importance impact though. And also (Park, 1976; Abolfathi, 1976; Ward, 1976; Polachek, 1980) cited by Dorussen (2006) have reached to the conclusion that when the amount of trading oil increases, the exporting country will become more hostile toward oil importers. There exists three ways of dealing with conflict: domination, compromise and integration (Parker, 1925). First, domination arises from victory of one party to another one. Second, compromise means to get along with each other to settle peace. In this case, one side loses something and gets something in order to agree to end up the conflict. According to Parker (1925), compromise is the basis of trade union tactics, in collective bargaining, the trade unionist asks for more than he expects to get, allows for what is going to be lopped off in the conference. Thus we often do not know what he really thinks he should have, and this ignorance is a great barrier to dealing with conflict fruitfully. Third, integration is when two parts decide to integrate with each other. This is the most efficient way of dealing with conflict. There is no need to sacrifice, and both parties will benefit from each other and become satisfied. Dispute The distinction that is made by Burton (1993) cited by Fenn (2006) between conflict and dispute, is based on two parameters: time and content. He considers disputes as short term disagreements which can be solved easily. On the other hand, conflicts are deep-rooted, long term problems which need much effort to be solved. These types of disagreements can occur independently and, in some cases, dispute can exist inside the long term conflict. Are conflict and dispute inevitable? Considering the evidence presented above, conflict and dispute differ from each other. They both can occur and deserve our consideration. In this section, we will discuss how conflicts are inevitable and how disputes can be avoided. According to Parker (1925), conflict exists in the world which we are living. Instead of ignoring its existence, it is better to find a way to embrace it. We can change the unpleasant situation in a way that benefit from. Conflict is one of the issues that is better to be accepted and get advantage of it. In some cases, dispute can exist inside the long term conflict Burton (1993). The school of western thought believes that: conflict is part of dynamic capitalism and an integral part of commercialism (Fenn, 2006). If conflict cannot be managed properly, dispute may rise. In other words, in contrast with conflict, dispute can be avoided. Therefore these two areas should be considered: First, conflict management or dispute avoidance; and second, dispute resolutions. Some conflict theorists believed that conflict is an inevitable part of human beings life and without the changes which are caused by conflict, the risk of collapse among the social groups such as academic departments, or family will get higher (Adams, 1965; Coser, 1956; Dahrendorf, 1959; Scanzoni, 1972; Simmel, 1955; Sprey, 1969) cited by Straus (1979). If conflict fades away, there will be no hope to adapt to changed circumstances and therefore hostility will arise. Conflict is defined as a process that arises when group of people or a person believes that other groups or other people are thinking frustrating (McKenna, 2006) and Fisher (1981) has defined that everybody has different perception and different way of thinking. By analyzing theses two theories, we can understand that conflict is inevitable; because people are different. Suggestions to prevent dispute Regarding to this section, we can conclude that conflict is inevitable. If we cannot manage conflict properly, dispute will arise. Disputes are caused by conflicts and sometimes they exist inside long term conflicts. (Burton 1993) the same story exists in commercial contracts and because they are important facts, there are some suggestion on how to manage conflict and consequently avoid disputes. By reviewing dispute resolution guidance published by office of government (United Kingdom) commerce (OGC, 2002) we can understand that contractual disputes can destroy the relationships between the client and supplier. In some cases, they have been spends lots of time to build it. Thus, this kind of dispute is time consuming and expensive. One of the roles of government is to emphasize on the importance of the good relationships between both parties of a commercial trade or the client and suppliers. There are three facts that are advised by OGC (2002) to prevent dispute in commercial contracts: 1. Stating the expectations and intentions at the beginning of the contract. Everything must be clear. Besides, dispute resolutions which both parties agree to provide in the time of dispute, should be mentioned. 2. Managing the contract is one of the most important facts that should be paid attention during having the contract. Both parties should be aware of any kind of disputes that may occur. Try to find the sign of dispute before it arises. 3. Considering the importance of managing the contract which is near to be expired, is one of the significant things that both parties must learn. Section B Compare and contrast of dispute resolution techniques Dispute resolution methods It has been concluded that conflict is inevitable but dispute can be avoided in commercial contracts. Although it can be avoided, there still some probability of happening. Therefore here are dispute resolution methods which can be used in commercial contracts. ADR is an alternative dispute resolutions .It does not mean the same to all the people. In Europe and much of the rest of the world it connects to those resolutions that exclude arbitration and litigation. On the other hand, in the Unites States, ADR conclude arbitration (Moses ,2008). Negotiation Negotiation is a common way of dispute resolution which both parties try to solve their problems without the need of others (OGC, 2002). Mediation Mediation is a nonbinding and confidential process (Moses, 2008). In this kind of resolution, the third party will meet each party privately and express their point of views to each other. Mediation sometimes known as an interest based procedure whereas arbitration is the right based procedure. Adjudication Adjudication is a quick and relatively inexpensive way of resolving a dispute, whereby an impartial third party adjudicator decides the issues between the parties. It will almost certainly be quicker and less expensive than arbitration or litigation. Section 108 of the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act (1996 ) gives the right to parties to virtually all construction contracts to refer any dispute arising under the contract to adjudication at any time. If the contract does not contain any adjudication procedure, or it does but the procedure does not comply with the Act, then before you can refer a dispute to adjudication you need to make sure that the contract is a construction contract as defined by the Act;(Construction Umbrella Bodies Adjudication Task Group,2003). Litigation: Litigation is a formal process which is a binding and non confidential procedure, which is held in the civil courts (Moses, 2008). Arbitration: Arbitration is a formal and nonbinding (sometimes binding) dispute resolution .where the third party exists to make the final decision for two other parties (Moses, 2008). Choosing a resolution method By comparing the dispute resolutions that discussed before: Mediation is not a binding resolution. -litigation is not a confidential resolution. Adjudication is a resolution that has some limitations. (Not being useful for all kinds of contracts as discussed in the previous part). These days, in many commercial contracts, parties choose arbitration as the default dispute resolution. As they got clear vision about the courts and their actions, they preferred to rely on the courts to solve their commercial disputes; Because of its confidentiality, and also in some case the need to continue their relationships. (Fenn, 2006).In Mentschikoff (1961) idea, the reasons that why we use arbitration in commercial groups are: speed, lower expense, more expert decision, and greater privacy. According Moses (2008), there exist two main reasons that why commercial parties choose arbitration as a dispute resolution. First, the forum is neutral. it means that it is possible to stay out of the other partys court. Second, the parties which are included in 140 countries that are under the control of New York convention must obey the award that comes out of the arbitration and that is the reason that we mentioned before that arbitration is sometimes a binding process. As Charles Newton Hulvey(1929) mentions ,there are 2 classification of agreements to arbitrate in commercial disputes.1:agreements to just submit existing commercial disputes.2:agreements to submit all commercial disputes including those will may occur in future. Arbitration has more advantages (Moses, 2008).One of the important advantages of arbitration is its confidentiality. Besides, parties choose arbitration because they can freely choose the arbitrator. Another advantage is that the discovery fact is less in arbitration therefore it takes shorter to get to the conclusion. One of the points of arbitration in the past was that it was less expensive in compared with litigation. Many companies do not think that it is the advantage any more. Buhring-uhle (2005) cited by Moses (2008), mentioned:more than half (51%) of the respondents thought that the cost advantage did not exist. However with considering all the facts, parties tend to choose arbitration because of its advantages and it still worth the cost. Besides the advantages, Arbitration has some disadvantages as well. If the advantage of fewer discoveries can be viewed from different point, it would become a disadvantage. Especially for those kind of disputes which need much more discovery and are extended. Fewer discoveries mean here less chance for the claimant. Moreover, in arbitration there is lack of requesting multiple appeals. This can be considered as a disadvantage when the arbitrator has made a wrong decision it would be frustrating to a party to accept this award with lack of ability to have an appeal. To wrap up, we got to the conclusion that, although we can prevent dispute in commercial contracts with some methods, it can be take place in some situations. Knowing how to deal with commercial disputes is important and one of the significant methods in dispute resolution is arbitration. Section C Example of use One of the dispute resolution methods is negotiating. Positional bargaining is a negotiation method in which each party only focuses on what they want, and dont pay attention to hidden interests. According to Fisher and Ury (1981), there are three trends through positional bargaining in the conflict resolutions between parties: Hard, Soft, and Principled Negotiation. Principled negotiation is suggested to parties to get better results more amicably. This method is separated into four parts (Fisher and Ury, 1981): 1. People: separate the people from the problem. 2. Interests: focus on interests not positions. 3. Options: generate a variety of possibilities before deciding what to do. 4. Criteria: insist that the result be based on some objective standards. In order to understand principled negotiation, we will review a fictional case study below. By reviewing this case, we can understand better how to use the stages of principled negotiation. Note: The following case study was created based on a true past experience of an employee in a construction company. Some details and events were modified to fit with the goals of this essay. Please note that the case study is written in the first person. In April 2009, I was working as a civil engineer in one of the building construction companies in Iran. One day something strange happened to me. While I was working in the construction site, a woman came to the site and asked me whether I could help her to find the project manager. I showed his room and told her that she was lucky that she came that day, because the project manager was not in a meeting. I brought her in the room and stayed along to introduce her to the project manager. The woman then proceeded to explain that she was one of the customers that had bought one of the apartments in advance. She wondered if she could get her apartment earlier than the specified time. She wanted the project manager to finish her apartment earlier. (It was possible but a somewhat costly).The project manager, instead of listening carefully to her, just said no. She repeated her request once more and the project manager interrupted her and said:No; it is completely impossible. The woman repl ied: You do not even pay attention to me. Why dont you listen to me to solve the problem? He answered: Because it is impossible. We have never done such a thing in our projects. When I saw this, I immediately thought that there was a problem with the project managers behavior: he didnt separate the people from the problem (Stage 1 of Principled Negotiation). In fact, he was very hard on the woman and did not even spend time to get the problem. After a 10 minute discussion, he listened completely to her. At last he said:It is impossible because we cannot finish constructing one apartment completely and then working on other flats; it is too costly for us. When he said this, he forgot that he should have focused on interests instead of positions (Stage 2). It would be better if he listened to her and paid attention and instead of not listening. If he did, he could tell her the issues and also asked her if she had solution to solve the problem. After few minutes, the client said you just say it is impossible. What if I pay all the additional costs? The project manager just kept saying:it is impossible and against the rules. We have never done such a thing in construction projects. In this stage, the project manager should have known that, he could invent options for mutual gain (Stage 3). He could have thought more about her suggestion and also presented his own suggestions. He also could not reach to the final stage of principled negotiation which is invent options for mutual gain (Stage 4). The woman got frustrated and without saying good bye went out of the room. After a week I understood that we should work harder to complete that apartment earlier. It was the order of the board manager. He told the project manager she is one of our best clients that we get so many benefits from her. If we keep her satisfied, that would be point for us in future projects. The project manager somehow got shamed. Because he did not know how to negotiate properly with her and actually if he had done so, he would have got benefit from the good negotiation by getting the money that the woman has suggested and spent it in the project. To conclude, as far as the conflict is inevitable, knowing how to negotiate properly is an advantage that only some people have. Principled negotiation is the best way that everybody can use and get benefit from the negotiation and conflict.